Female Nazi War Criminals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Female Nazi War Criminals - Research Paper Example It cannot be said that all these women had started their lives as ones who were capable of such awful deeds. Some were prompted to violence whereas others joined Nazi service as they thought of this to be a way out to escape from their lives that were mostly filled with poverty and hardships. Up to 3,200 women offered their duties in different concentration camps. Those who served as female guards were mostly low-to-middle class and they had little or at times no working experience. SS records also show that some of them served as hairdressers, matrons, tram conductors and retired teachers. Eventually, these women acted upon Hitlers message and as a result many people were brutally deprived of their lives by their hands (Clark, 1995). When the fears, the carnage and the wide spread destruction associated with Nazi killing are discussed, a few merciless and cruel women have always attracted a lot of attention for their outrageous behaviors and brutal inflictions. There were low esteemed and notorious camp guards just like Irma Grese and Ilse Koch. In Poland’s region that was seized by the Nazis, another example of a heartless Erna Petri is seen, who was married to one of the Special Security officers and was later on convicted for the case that brought out the shooting incident of six Jewish young children. There is also the case of Johanna Altvater Zelle who served as a German assistant and was taken into custody for murdering a child in Volodymyr-Volynsky’s jail, a Ukrainian district that was also occupied by Nazis. Undoubtedly, the Nazi slaying mechanism was a male-dominating event. However, after analyzing the actual ratio in accordance with the latest outcomes, the amount of German females, who had participated in this holocaust, serving as guards, assistants and assassins, was far much higher than what was being estimated previously (Kershner, 2010). Most of the staff members and workers from the Nazi concentration bases

A process essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A process - Essay Example First, it is necessary to get ready the equipment and the ingredients for your brownie. The pieces of equipment can be found in any kitchen, they are: two to three tablespoons, a knife, a fork, a bowl, a saucepan, parchment paper, metal cake pan, and a cake tester. It is important to spread parchment paper on the metal cake pan before you start cooking because it would save you precious time when all the ingredients are combined. The list of ingredients for the dish includes two bittersweet chocolate bars, 5 eggs, 5 tablespoons of all-purpose flour, a pinch of salt, 200 grams of unsalted butter, 200 ml of sugar. Since the quality of the chocolate bars influences the taste of the dish make sure you try the chocolate bars before you add them to other ingredients to make sure you like the degree of their bitterness. There is nothing more to add to the list, the recipe is as simple as it sounds and as delicious as you can wish. As soon as you have the equipment and the above mentioned ingredients placed on your kitchen table it is time to start cooking. Chop the chocolate bars or break them in your hands and put them into a saucepan. Next, cut 200 grams of unsalted butter into medium-size lumps and add them to the chocolate. Then, it is time to put the saucepan on the stove and melt the combination over low heat. Bear in mind that the success of the brownie largely depends on how well the chocolate melts. At the moment the chocolate starts to thaw, begin to stir the mix with a tablespoon. Let the chocolate melt for about 10 to 15 minutes continuously stirring it. After the chocolate and butter are melted, the color of the mixture becomes rich dark brown and its surface is smooth bearing no trace of butter. Stir the ingredients one last time to make sure no chocolate crumbs are left to disrupt the texture of the future dessert and turn the heat off.

Protecting Nature

Protecting Nature Protecting Nature Why should we protect nature? Earth is our home and we have to love it. In earth are things humans needed but they destroy them and never worry about it. â€Å"Many animals are in extinction because of earth destruction.† ( Charman , 1) Animals are disappearing since people dont save nature. â€Å"Flora and fauna is destroying because we dont take care of it.† (Laguna de Terminos 1) Flora and fauna hurt because of all the damages we have done to it. â€Å"Global warming is happening over and over but no one think about it.† (Protecting the home we lice in) Global warming is occurring all over earth but we dont care about it. All this is happening because we never worry about our home and its problems. All of us dont save the beautiful paradise god gave us. â€Å"Many animals are in extinction because of earth destruction. Animals are in extinction because new species are better in getting and on living space. Others are in extinction because of changes and destruction of nature. People hunt animals and destroy their home. They also put other animals for getting their resources and environment. Animals extinction happens because of humans.† (Charman 1) According to Andy Charman animals are in extinction because all of us destroy their habitat and kill them. Changes in nature happen because of what we have done to the environment they replace animals for stronger ones. Also all of us destroy planet, and that make changes in nature, but animals are not adapted to the changes so they die. Sometimes we need only one part of an animal and we kill them for a silly thing. Extinction happens because of all humans. Flora and fauna is destroying because we dont take care of it. â€Å"It is destroying in many ways. One of them is deforestation and habitat destruction. Another is contamination of the fluvial lagoon systems by bacteria and agrochemicals. Also petroleum exploration and production destroy flora and fauna.† (Laguna de Terminos1) According to Laguna de Terminos, flora and fauna is destroying because people want to improve economy and other things. People never worry about their needs in environment. People create systems and machines that make bacterias that devastate nature. We never take care of what we really need for living and surviving on earth. All nature helps us survive, but one day, many problems will face and we will be sorry about not protecting nature. â€Å"Biodiversity is a problem for scientists and it makes flora and fauna be affected†. (CBBC1) All humans makes biodiversity destroy and also make flora and fauna start disappearing. Biodiversity is important to all plants and animals but we destroy so plants and animals die. We start destroying one thing of nature and everything starts to destroy gradually. We never worry about destroying one little thing of our environment because we never think how things can start disappearing. Biodiversity its needed by flora and fauna but while humans destroy it, flora and fauna also destroys. â€Å"Global warming is happening over and over but no one thinks about it. Temperature increases and kills many living things. Global warming makes the sea rise and water covers many islands. Also global warming happens because of electrical pollution. Global warming damage many parts of the world and sometimes that parts are places where living things find their food but when it is destroy there no food anymore.†(Protecting the home we live in.1) According to â€Å"Protecting the home we live in†, global warming makes things change and kill many living things. People make global warming happens by electricity but they dont care and do things to prevent global warming. Global warming damage many places that living things get their food but we are ignorant and think that nothing happen and that we can fix everything is destroyed. â€Å"Global warming also makes disease spread all over many countries so many people die. It makes increase the intensity of heat waves and cause hurricanes or tornadoes.† (Environmental Graffiti.1) Global warming makes diseases spread through out the world and kill many animals. It also affects heat so animals start dying because they dont adapt to the environment, plants and humans, too. Global warming has many effects in humans and in nature. The diseases and heat make nature destroy little by little and also make some geographic accidents like hurricanes or tornadoes. All the diseases damage all living things and some times all nature. â€Å"It also happens because we waste water.† (naturehero1) We also waste water in things we dont really need and global warming starts advancing. Water is important but we dont realize the importance and waste it always. People never take care of the things they need and that only nature can give them. All humans need water but everyone ignores that and starts wasting it in silly things. We ignore the things we need for surviving specially water and we dont realize that ignorance all of us have. We should protect nature because we destroy our home and others home. Earth is our home and we have love it and caring it. If we take care of it, nothing will be damage and many people, animals , and plants could live better . Global warming and extinction will not happen when we worry about earth and take care of it. Flora and fauna will not be destroy and disappear forever. Anything will be contaminated and we will not die soon and suffer any bad disease. We will have the best home ever and will be beautiful. Nature help us a lot in things we need like water and food but by destroying nature all that things will disappear and we could die or starve . Work Cited 1. CBBC. CBBC centre for the Balkan biodiversity conservation. University of Novi Sad. June 18 22, 2008.WEB 2. Charman, Andy. Wonder Why the Dodo and other questions about extinct and endangered animals. New York: kingfisher. 1996. WEB 3. Environmental Graffiti. 5 Deadliest Effects of Global Warming. Tue, Sep 11, 2007.WEB. 4. Laguna de Terminos. â€Å"Flora and fauna protection area.†Laguna de Terminos. Web. 5. Protecting the Home We Live In: Environmental Issues Novi Meadows Elementary, 2002 .web. 6. Naturehero. Naturehero â€Å"become a naturehero† January 13th, 2010.web.

Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever :: essays research papers

Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and non-human primates. Marburg is the first member of the family Filoviridae (or "thread" viruses), which also includes the Ebola virus. Like Ebola, Marburg is an enveloped, single-stranded, unsegmented, negative-sense RNA virus. It has the same characteristic filamentous (thread-like) structure, can appear shaped like a U, a 6, or spiraled like a snail; and can sometimes be branched. The Marburg virus is identical to Ebola in form and structure; however, it is genically distinct from Ebola (meaning that it stimulates the production of different antibodies). Marburg virions are 80 nm (nanometers) in diameter and average approximately 800 nm in length, although length can vary up to 14,000 nm. The four species of Ebola virus are the only other known members of the filoviridae family. As with Ebola, the exact procedure of Marburg is unknown. However, virion surface spikes are made solely of large glycoprotein (compound consisting of carbohydrates and protein). It is assumed that, as with other negative-strand RNA viruses, these surface spikes bind to receptors on the host cell and act as a â€Å"go-between† entry into susceptible cells. Viral replication takes place in the cytoplasm, and envelopment is the result of budding preformed by nucleocapsids (viral protein coat and nucleic acid). Ultimately, the virus involves the liver, lymphoid organs, and kidneys. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). A total of 37 people became ill; they included laboratory workers as well as several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. The first people infected had been exposed to African green monkeys or their tissues. In Marburg, the monkeys had been imported for research and to prepare polio vaccine. Recorded cases of the disease are rare, and have appeared in only a few locations. While the 1967 outbreak occurred in Europe, the disease agent had arrived with imported monkeys from Uganda. No other case was recorded until 1975, when an Australian traveler most likely exposed in Zimbabwe became ill in Johannesburg, South Africa and passed the virus to his traveling companion and a nurse. The year 1980 saw two other cases, one in Western Kenya not far from the Ugandan source of the monkeys implicated in the 1967 outbreak.

A Healthy Family: Questionnaire

What types of drinks do you usually have during the day and night? I will usually have one bottle of soda half way through the day. The rest of the day is water. How often does your family seek dental care? My children and I visit the dentist every six months for a cleaning. My husband has cleanings every 3 months due to having soft teeth. How often do family members have bowel movements? Urinate? Me: Varies but once every 2-3 days Husband: Every morning after coffee Son 1: once every 1-2 days Son 2: every2-3 days Daughter: 2-3 times a dayAll except Son2, urinate every few hours throughout the day and we are able to go 8 hours at night. Son 2 has a bladder like a horse and does not urinate nearly as often. Are laxatives used in your family? Explain. We do not use stimulant laxatives very often, but on occasion Son2 will need pedialax. Mostly we just make it a point to eat a high fiber diet and drink plenty of fluids to stay regular. How does your family relax? Relaxation starts with me and my husband on one couch and the kids the other couch. During this time we are usually reading, writing, playing games or watching TV.Within an hour or two everyone migrates to the couch were my husband and I are sitting and squishes their way in. By this time I have realized that relaxation time is over and I go find something else to do. What does your family do for enjoyment? Mostly we just like to be outside keeping active. Some of our favorite activities are bike riding, hiking, baseball and hockey. When does your family generally go to bed and awaken? Do family member go to bed and awaken at different times? The children start to prepare for bed at 8:00pm by changing into Pjs brushing teeth and getting in their last glass of water or snack before bed.By 8:30pm they are in bed and they are allowed to read until they fall asleep, no more than 30 minutes though. My husband stays up until 10 and I will usually stay up until about 11:00pm. My husband gets up at 5:30am and lea ves for work at 6:30. I wake up at 6:30 and start waking the children between 6:50 and 7 am. Do any family members work at night? No Are there any hearing or visual problems that affect your family members? Both my Husband and I are near sighted. I require glasses on a daily bases, but my husband only needs them for long drives when his eyes get tired.Son2 seems to have an issue with tracking, but testing is still being done. Does pain seem to be a family problem? Explain how this is managed? Son2 and I both suffer from migraines. This is managed by taking Exedrine for me or Tylenol for him and going into a dark room to rest. Who makes the major family decisions? How? All major Family decisions are discussed between any members they involve and a decision is usually agreed upon. If a no agreement is made then it is up to me to make the decision. Describe the highest education level of all family members? Me: PN certificate Husband: Associates degreeSon1: 5th grade Son2: 1st grade Da ughter: 1st grade Describe the general mood of your family? We are generally happy and relaxed people. We like to take life as it comes and we make it a point not to stress over the little things. How does your family deal with change? Like most families there is an adjustment period whenever things change, but we all seem to handle it well. My husband and I try to keep the kids informed of any changes so they know what to expect. Explain your family responsibilities for house hold chores? Each child has a list of six chores in which they are responsible for every day.Each of their chores has a different degree of difficulty depending on their age. The chores can be small like put away your back pack, sneaker and coat when you walk into the house or bigger chores for my 10 year old would include taking out the trash or emptying the dishwasher. My husband and I fill in the gaps of what the kids missed or are not old enough to do. Explain discipline in your family. How are family memb ers rewarded? Describe any aggression or violence that occurs in your family. I am the one that disciplines the children and decides on punishments.A punishment usually includes me revoking privileges or sending them to their room for a period of time. Spankings are not out of the question in my home, but they almost never used or needed. Family members are reward with praise and on occasion a special treat like a movie night or ice cream. The only aggression or violence you will see in my home are my children fighting. I usually let them work it out, but if they are hurting each other or the argument is lasting too long I will step in. Are contraceptives used? Yes Are parents comfortable answering questions and explaining topics related to sexuality to their children?Yes I discuss these thing with my children separately because they are all different ages they require a different degree of explanation. How does your family cope with major stressors? When we are stressed we just lik e quiet time to think or relax. I often warn people when I come in the door if my day was not good and I just need a few quiet minutes to distress before being asked 100 questions. Who copes with stress the best? That would have to be my husband. He just takes everything as it is and doesn’t really let anything bother him. What does your family want from life?That’s an easy one, to be happy. We don’t have a big house or fancy cars and it is not because we could not afford them if we needed them. We have tried having both parents work full time and we had plenty of money and much nicer cars, but we were always tired and we never spent any time together. We have found that we prefer to work less, have less and spend more time together. That is what makes us happy. What rules do your family hold most important? The one rule that we hold most import in our home is to show respect to everyone. Describe what your family does to try to stay healthy.To try to stay healt hy we have a few simple rules in our house. For nutrition you must try everything on your plate before you are done eating. It does not matter if they are carrots and you know that you don’t like them, taste buds change, so maybe you will like them today. Deserts are rare in my house, but when they are offered you are not eligible for dessert unless you finish your dinner, including the vegetables. For exercise we do not have a formal routine, but we encourage outdoor activities as much and as often as possible. Television and game time is limited to one hour per day in our home and the time must be earned.The children receive a ten minute token for each chore that they complete and they can cash their tokens in after there home work has been completed. From whom does your family seek health care? When? My family seeks health care from our family doctor’s office. We receive our well care physicals each year and any immunization due at that time. We will also seek Healt h care if we have an illness that does not clear up with in a week. We have very few visits to the doctor’s office each year because most illnesses can be treated at home with rest and fluids.

A paper on mother teresa for philosophy class Essay

â€Å"There is only one God and he is God to all; therefore it is important that everyone is seen as equal before God. I have always said that we should help a Hindu become a better Hindu, a Muslim become a better Muslim, a Catholic become a better Catholic.†(Mother Teresa) Mother Teresa was a unique soul that help and impacted many unfortunate people in this world by holding the word of god near and dear in her heart. She devoted her life to the dying, the cripple, the mentally ill, the unwanted, and fully enjoyed every minute of it. She was fulfilling her life mission to work among the poorest of poor. Mother Teresa was born in Skopje, or now know as Yugoslavia, on August 27, 1910. She was given the name Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She was one of five children born to Nukola and Dronda Bojaxhui, yet only three survived. Her brother described their family’s first years as being well of not he peasants life reported inaccurately by some. In fact the family lived in one of the two houses that they owned. In her childhood she attended Roman Catholic school. About the age of 12 she new that her lives calling was to help the poor. When she was 18 she joined the Sister of Laredo, and Irish community of nuns with a mission located in Calcutta. After only a few months of training in Dublin she was sent to India where she took her initial vows in 1928 as a nun. She then took upon the name Teresa from Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the Patron Saint of foreign missionaries, and also and also honoring Teresa of Avila. Upon taking her vows she was sent to St. Mary’s a high school for girls in the district of Calcutta. Here she started her career teaching history and geography which she throughly enjoyed for the next 15 years. It was in this somewhat protected environment for the daughters of the  wealthy that her new vocation developed and grew. Mother Teresa received her second calling in 1946 while on a train to Darjeeling for a 8 day of spiritual exercises. She knew at this very moment that she was â€Å"to serve amongst the poorest of poor.† â€Å"Christ is hidden under the suffering appearance of anyone who is hungry, naked, homeless, or dying.†(Mother Teresa) during the next two years she  pursued every avenue to follow ans never doubted the direction that God was leading her into. In 1948 she was granted permission to leave her post a the convent and begin ministry among the sick and needy. This permission was not easily granted she had to receive special permission from the Archbishop of Calcutta to serve the poor openly and on the streets. It was at this time that she shed the normal habit and wore the ordinary dress of an Indian woman, a plain white sari and sandals. This was also the year that she became a Indian citizen. â€Å"The poor do not our sympathy and our pity. The poor need our love and compassion.† (Mother Teresa) she first went to Patna for a few short months to prepare for her future work by taking a nursing course. She also at this time found a small hovel to rent and began her new mission in life. She started by teaching the children in the slums. Even though she had none of the proper equipment to run a proper school she made creative ways to let this system work. She tried her best to make the children of the poor literate and also to teach them basic hygiene. This school is still in work today it has currently more than 250 pupils. As the children became to know and love her, she started to visit the poor and ill in their families and all others in the surrounding shacks. She also was inquiring about all their basic necessities that were not being met. Within a year she found much needed help. Young woman were using her as an example to share with the poor some much needed compassion. Most of these young woman became the core of her Missionaries of Charity. Some of the woman offered food, clothing, use of buildings, medical supplies and also gifts of money. As the following grew the more and more services that Teresa and her followers could provide the huge number of suffering people. From the birth of Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta new vocations starting springing up in all parts of the world. Some of the mission include homes for the dying, refuges for the care and teaching or orphans and abandon children, treatment center and hospitals for those suffering from leprosy and many more but this list is endless. â€Å"I don’t know what God is doing. He knows. We do not understand, but of one  thing I am sure, He doesn’t make mistakes.† (Mother Teresa) In 1952 Mother Teresa opened the Nirmal Friday or Pure of Heart Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta. It was in this home that she and fellow sisters took in homeless Indians during the days before their deaths. Here Mother Teresa and other sisters cleaned the maggots from the rotting faces of the leprosy victims, washed emaciated bodies of the severely malnourished, and held the hands of the dying. All this so the unfortunate could die in peace and with some dignity. This was one of her philosophies on life: â€Å"People are hungry for God. Quite often we look but do not see. We are all passing through this world. We need to open our eyes and truly see..† â€Å"Love does not measure; it just gives.† (Mother Teresa). In 1962 she received the Padma Shri award for distinguished, The Pope John XXIII Peace Prize in 1971, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997. She gratefully accepted all the awards on the behalf of the poor and used all proceeds to help her centers for the poor. It was not until 1980 that she actually was forced to scale back her activities because of her declining health. And in 1987 she officially stepped down as the head of the order and her predisuccessor Sister Nirmala was sworn in as the new leader. Mother Teresa still worked in her projects just on a smaller level until her dying day. â€Å"All of us must be saints in this world. Holiness is a duty for you and me. So let us be saints and so give glory to the Father.† (Mother Teresa). On September 5, 1997 Mother Teresa ate her last meal and afterward returned to her room for silent prayer. And very peacefully she took her last breath. Her funeral service was help in September 13, 1997. This was 51 years after receiving her first vows from God. In her own eyes she was â€Å"God’s pencil- a tiny bit of pencil with which he writes what he likes.† At her death she had an enormous following. Missionaries of Charity had 4,000 nuns and ran 517 orphanages, soup kitchens, homeless shelters and clinics around the world. The groups headquarters are only located 5 minutes where Mother Teresa life started. â€Å"We can do no great things in life, only small things with love.† (Mother Teresa). On October 25, 2003 Pope John Paul II will beatify Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The beatification of the Macedonia born nun will take place in Rome, three days after the Pope celebrates his 25 year of papacy. The process leading to the beatification has been the shortest in modern history. In early 199, John Paul II waived the normal 5 year waiting period and allowed the immediate opening of her canonization cause. In 2002, the Holy Father recognized the healing of a Indian woman as the miracle needed to beatify Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The healing that occurred was on the first anniversary of Mother Teresa’s death. It involved a non Christian woman that had a huge abdominal tumor and woke up to find the tumor gone. Members of the Missionaries of Charity prayed for their founder intervention to help the sick woman. And it seems that her spirit once again helped a poor soul regain her dignity and love of life back. Even from the grave Mother Teresa is helping the less fortunate. In 2001, on the Feast of the Assumption of Mary, officials closed the diocesan inquiry into Mother Teresa’s sanctity. The year-long process of gathering testimony from those who knew of her and her work is the first major step to Sainthood. The previous year in Calcutta marking Mother Teresa’s birth anniversary, Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim admirers joined for a common prayer in speeding up her canonization process. Her follower have great faith that the miracles needed to make Mother Teresa a saint will be provided. These miracles are required to prove her sainthood. I am not a religious person but I also believe that she will become a saint sue to her great love of helping others. She has not only brought people closer together and helped too many people to count. She found her love of God the way to help others. She is one in a million and deserves respect from all people. She has brought people from many religious backgrounds together and taught them: With love comes great responsibility, and this had actions. She was a person that let nothing stand in her way. Thus proving to everyone to make a difference. She is a great philosopher of the world. Touching many people in her life time and bringing dignity to the poor. â€Å"God made the world wealthy enough to feed and clothe everyone.† (Mother Teresa). She brought her love of God to the world and presented it to everyone never doubting her faith and mission in life. I think that everyone could learn from her example, and make a difference in this world. There are a lot of great people in this world and I think she proves that regardless of religious affiliation we can all join together for a common cause. To help anyone in need. â€Å"There is no greater sickness in the world today than the lack of love.† (Mother Teresa) Bibliography Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Bibliogrophy By Kathy Spink, Printed in Sepember of 1998 Something Beautiful for God By Malcolm Muggeridge, Printed in November of 1996 Mother Teresa the Path of Love Homepage